熊出没之夺宝熊兵
比尔盖茨访问哈佛实验室：机器人、手套和蜜蜂_我的网站
A | 1月10日的新闻今天比尔盖茨在微信公众上发表了一篇关于他在哈佛大学实验室看到的一些有趣的机器人的文章。 Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.
Is Israel bound by the rules of war?
Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.
How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?
Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."
What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?
Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.
ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。
B | 有些人可以像戴手套一样戴着，有些人则像穿裤子一样戴着，有些人则像昆虫一样飞上天空。
C | 机器人手套比尔盖茨说，当我试图拿起一个咖啡杯时，一个充气管支撑的黑色手套轻轻地帮我抓起了杯子。对于中风或疾病致残的人来说，这项技术可能会改变他们的生活，帮助他们完成基本的任务，比如吃喝水，甚至写作。据报道，哈佛大学实验室的康纳沃尔什博士已经批准，他的团队已经将来自工程、工业设计、服装和医学领域的研究人员聚集在一起，开发出一种特别设计的服装，这种服装不仅性能得到了提高，而且携带方便，可以防止用户感到疲劳。罗伯特·伍德博士是一只机器蜜蜂，他的团队专注于仿生机器人。他最著名的发明是Robobe，一个飞行的微型机器人，只有回形针的一半大，重量不到十分之一克。
D | 一些机器蜜蜂的模型可以从水下游泳转向空中飞行。罗伯特研究软机器人的另一个迷人领域是软机器人。
E | 他们的第一个发明是一个3-D打印机机器人，绰号为Octobot，它柔软、独立，并有化学动力。
F | 他们最近还开发了一种用于深海研究的软机械手。到目前为止，用于研究潜艇的机械臂是由坚硬的材料制成的，缺乏捕捉水母和其他脆弱海洋生物的灵活性。
G | 新的柔性臂将允许水下研究人员在不伤害水生生物的情况下，轻轻地拾起它们。
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